As a biology student, the most common concept that you will be introduced to initially is the study of cells. The stomata in a cell play a vital role in the process of respiration and photosynthesis. Each and every creation of God is unique and important in its own way. They are also connected to each other. Plants and trees are important for our existence as they provide us food to eat, air to breathe, and many more things. Stoma is one of the most important parts of a plant. It means 'mouth'. In this article, we will learn about the various functions of stomata in detail.
Stomata are present on the leaves of plants. They may be found on either sides or just one side of a leaf. When they are found in both sides, then they are known as amphistomatic. However, if it's present on the upper side then it's called epistomatic; and if found on the lower sides, then they are called hypostomatic. They are positioned in the epidermis of the leaf surface. However, it is interesting to note that the positioning of stomata is different from plant to plant. Besides the difference in the location, the dicot leaves are known to have more number of stomata on the upper surface than the lower side. However, monocot leaves have just the same number of stomata on both the upper and lower side of the leaves.
The structure of stomata is also very interesting to study. It comprises of a kidney shaped epidermal cell having an opening at the center known as a pore. The inner walls of the guard cells countenance the hole and are much thicker than outer layers. The guard cells also have quite big vacuoles. The cells that surround the guard cells are called the subsidiary or accessory cells.
The most vital function of stomata is respiration, which is the exchange of gases. Simply put, this refers to the process through which the plant takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and gives out oxygen. This oxygen is utilized by human beings and animals. Another important function is photosynthesis. This is the process through which plants manufacture food taking the help of water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight.
These are the two most important and basic functions of stomata. If you wish to learn more, then consider hiring a private biology tutor who will explain these functions in detail.
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